In order to support sustainable national development and increase national energy security to achieve energy independence, it is necessary to optimize the utilization of the potential of renewable energy resources, one of which is geothermal energy.
Geothermal energy potential in Indonesia is among the largest in the world, with a current total of 11,073 MW for the resource class and 17,506 MW for the reserve class. Utilization of geothermal energy currently only reaches 6% or 1,698.5 MWe. Based on the development of renewable energy regarding the National Energy Policy (KEN), in the energy mix program, the achievement of renewable energy utilization currently only reaches 7.7% of the total national energy mix and is targeted to contribute 23%. in 2025.
Broadly speaking, the geothermal system in Indonesia consists of volcanic and non-volcanic geothermal systems. Volcanic geothermal systems are spread along subduction pathways and have high temperatures (>225°C). Non-volcanic geothermal systems are widely distributed on the islands of Kalimantan and Sulawesi, which have low (<125 °C) to moderate (125-225 °C) temperatures. A total of 331 geothermal potential locations have been found, with 166 locations being geothermal areas with medium temperature and 80 geothermal locations at low temperature.
The problems faced in geothermal development in Indonesia include:
- the quality of exploration data is still low or has not reached drilling data so that it cannot provide recommendations for certainty of its use
- still high risk on the upstream side, permits and contracts are still complex and lack of funding from within the country.
- limited data on geothermal subsurface (drilling), so the development risk is still high.
- the number of geothermal developers who do not carry out exploration drilling
- geothermal development still focuses on high temperature areas and investors are not yet interested in developing medium – low temperature geothermal areas.
- there is no identification of an accurate system in relation to the geological setting, to determine the right exploration strategy and produce an accurate conceptual model from an integrated and detailed interpretation, and determine the right development strategy
With the identification of several problems related to the development of geothermal potential, it is hoped that it will make recommendations for accelerating the development of geothermal potential in Indonesia.
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