Know the Terms and Definitions in the Mineral Resources Balance

 

 

What is a mineral resource balance? Mineral resource balance is a mineral and coal resource evaluation tool that presents initial reserves, changes or utilization, and the level of environmental damage due to exploitation as environmental degradation factors and their financing as well as the final state in the form of tables and maps of the distribution of mineral and coal resources.

Metallic Minerals and Non-Metal Minerals

Minerals are grouped into 2 (two), namely metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals.

Metallic minerals consist of 4 (four) groups, namely basic metals, precious metals, ferrous metals and iron alloys as well as light metals and rare metals. Meanwhile, non-metallic minerals also consist of 4 (four) groups, namely the building materials group, industrial minerals, ceramic materials and precious stones.

• Base metals are a group of metallic mineral commodities consisting of mercury, zinc, copper, tin and lead.
• Precious metals are a group of metal commodities consisting of gold, silver and platinum.
• Ferrous metals and iron guides are a group of metal commodities consisting of ferrous metals, cobalt, chromite, manganese, molybdenum, nickel, titan, tungsten and vanadium.
• Light metals and rare metals are a group of metal commodities consisting of aluminum, bauxite, beryllium, lithium, magnesium, cadmium, gallium, indium, tantalum-nibium, ytrium, zirconium, thorium, uranium and rare earth metals.
• Building Materials are all materials found in nature, both in the form of solid, liquid and gas with mineral content and certain chemical elements and have economic value when excavated in accordance with available technology (SNI 13 6606 2001). Commodities included in the building materials group are andesite, basalt, ashtray, dacite, diabase, diorite, gabbro peridotite, granite, granodiorite, marble, peridotite, sirtu and tras.
• Industrial Minerals are non-metallic minerals which are directly used in their entirety by various industries without first extracting the metallic elements as is done for available metallic minerals. It is used primarily as a raw material in the fertilizer, paper, plastic, paint, livestock, agricultural, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and chemical industries. Commodities included in the industrial mineral group are barite, potassium rock, pumice, limestone, quartz, sulfur, bentonite, diatomea, dolomite, phosphate, gypsum, calcite, gypsum, calcite, quartzite, ocher, quartz sand, serpentine, talc, travertine, ultramafic , iodine, zeolite and zircon.
• Ceramic Materials, is a group of non-metallic minerals and rocks, inorganic commodities in solid form. Commodities included in ceramic materials are ball/bond clay, feldspar, kaolin, clay, magnesite, obsidian, pearlite, pyrophyllite, toseki and trakhit.
• Precious Stones and Ornamental Stones are a group of non-metallic mineral commodities. Commodities included in the group of precious stones are amethyst, ornamental stone, diamond, jasper, chalcedony, onyx, opal, prehnit, topaz, coral, garnet and chert. This material is used mainly in the jewelery and handicraft industries.

The classification of mineral resources based on the level of investigation is divided into 4 (four) categories, namely hypothetical, inferred, indicated and measured. While the classification of mineral reserves is divided into 2 (two) parts, namely measured and estimated.

• Hypothetical Mineral Resource is a mineral resource whose quantity and quality are obtained based on estimates at the Review Survey stage.
• Inferred Mineral Resource are mineral resources whose quantity and quality are obtained based on the results of the Prospecting stage.
• Indicated Mineral Resources are mineral resources whose quantity and quality are obtained based on the results of the General Exploration stage.
• Measured Mineral Resources are mineral resources whose quantity and quality are obtained based on the results of the Detailed Exploration stage.
• Probable Mineral Reserves is an indicated mineral resource and a portion of a measured mineral resource with a lower level of geological confidence, based on a mine feasibility study all relevant factors have been met, so that mining can be carried out economically.
• Proved mineral reserves (Proved Reserve) is a measurable mineral resource based on a mine feasibility study all related factors have been met, so that mining can be carried out economically.

The following are some definitions and terms used in calculating the mineral resource balance:

• Mineral Resources (Mineral Resources) are mineral deposits that are expected to be used for real. Mineral resources with certain geological confidence can be turned into reserves after a mine feasibility assessment is carried out and meets the criteria for mineworthiness.
• Reserves are mineral deposits of known size, shape, distribution, quantity and quality and which can be mined economically, technically, legally, environmentally and socially at the time the calculations are made.
• Mineral Occurrence, is an indication of mineralization that is assessed for further exploration. The term mineral availability has nothing to do with the size of the volume/tonnage or grade/quality, thus it is not part of a Mineral Resource.

Mineral deposits are lumps (accumulations) of mining materials in the form of minerals or rocks found in the earth's crust formed by certain geological processes, and can be of economic value. In the value of mineral resources there is a classification based on the level of investigation, this classification is based on the level of investigation and associated with the stages of exploration that have been carried out, so that the value of the resource is feasible and not feasible. Classification of mineral resources and mineral reserves is a process of collecting, filtering and processing data and information from a mineral deposit to obtain a concise description of mineral deposits based on the criteria of geological confidence and mine feasibility.

The Exploration Stages are a sequence of geological investigations which are generally carried out through 4 stages as follows: Review Survey, Prospection, General Exploration and Detailed Exploration. The purpose of this geological investigation is to identify mineralization (mineralization), determine the size, shape, distribution, quantity and quality of a mineral deposit so that an analysis/study of the possibility of investment can then be carried out.

The Review Survey (Reconnaissance) is an exploration stage to identify areas that have the potential for mineral deposits on a regional scale, especially based on the results of regional geological studies, including regional geological mapping, aerial photography and other indirect methods, and preliminary field inspections whose conclusions are based on extrapolation. . The aim is to identify areas of anomalous or prospective mineralization for further investigation. Quantity estimates should only be made if sufficient data are available or there are similarities with other deposits having the same geological conditions.

Prospecting is the exploration stage by narrowing the area containing potential mineral deposits. The method used is geological mapping to identify outcrops and indirect methods such as geochemical and geophysical studies. Limited trenching, drilling and sampling may also be carried out. The aim is to identify a mineral deposit that will be the target of further exploration. Quantity estimates are calculated based on the interpretation of geological, geochemical and geophysical data.

General Exploration is the exploration stage which is the initial delineation of an identified deposit. The methods used include geological mapping, wide-range sampling, trenching and drilling for preliminary evaluation of the quantity and quality of a deposit. Interpolation can be done on a limited basis based on the indirect method of investigation. The aim is to determine the geological picture of a mineral deposit based on indications of distribution, initial estimates of size, shape, distribution, quantity and quality. This level of accuracy should be used to determine whether a detailed mine feasibility and exploration study is required.

Detailed Exploration is an exploratory stage to detailed 3-dimensional delineation of known mineral deposits from sampling outcrops, trenches, boreholes, shafts and tunnels. The sampling distance is such that the size, shape, distribution, quantity and quality and other characteristics of the mineral deposits can be determined with a high degree of accuracy. Test processing of bulk sampling may be required.

Coal Grouping

Indonesian coal is grouped into:

• Low Calorie Coal, which is the type of coal with the lowest rank, soft-hard, easy to knead, contains high moisture content (10-70%), exhibits a wood structure, calorific value is less than 5100 cal/gr (adb).
• Medium Calorie Coal, which is a type of coal that ranks higher than low calorie coal, is harder, easy to squeeze – cannot be kneaded, relatively low moisture content, generally the wood structure is still visible, calorific value 5100 – 6100 cal/gr (adb).
• High Calorie Coal, is a type of coal with a higher rank, relatively lower moisture content than medium calorie coal, generally the wood structure is not visible, the calorific value is 6100 - 7100 cal/gr (adb).

Very High Calorie Coal, is the type of coal with the highest rank, generally influenced by intrusion or other structures, very low moisture content, calorific value of more than 7100 cal/gr (adb). This calorie class was created to limit high calorie coal.

For solid bitumen commodities, all the data collected is then further divided into oil shale and tar sand groups, according to their geological characteristics known from field data. There is no specific grouping for peat and CBM commodities.

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