Electrical energy is a primary need of modern society today. This situation is characterized by people's dependence on electrical energy in carrying out daily life activities, both at home, in the office, in hotels and on industrial processes that rely heavily on electrical energy. Electrical energy is also used as a "barometer" of the level of socio-economic life of people in the world. The more prosperous a person indicates the greater the consumption of electrical energy used by the person concerned. However, when the prosperity indicator is based on economic growth which is increasing rapidly while at the same time this condition is not accompanied by an optimal supply of energy, then we must be prepared to face the condition of an electrical energy crisis.
In a research conducted by Frost & Sullivan, it shows that Indonesia has a great opportunity to become a new and renewable energy market. Indonesia is blessed with primary energy resources that have the potential to build new and renewable energy-based power plants: nuclear, geothermal, hydropower, biomass, wind power, solar power, and ocean wave energy that have not been utilized optimally.
It is the value of a demographic bonus for the country, when the welfare of the people is marked by the increasing number of national population growth. Efforts to encourage the population of the productive age category in this demographic bonus can be utilized by maximizing the use of available archipelago natural resource management technology with the aim of further defining sustainable development through cooperative efficiency actions between environmental supporting elements. The fulfillment of the needs in the energy sector should be a serious concern of all the nation's children to participate in the success of national energy security, considering that currently domestic energy production is in a state of supply crisis to support increasingly rapid economic growth.
Frost and Sullivan Indonesia Country Director, Eugene van de Weerd in his explanation once said that the current increase in oil prices will have an impact on efforts to encourage the development of the new and renewable energy industry. In the future, the development of new and renewable energy in Indonesia is very promising to attract private interest in this industry. Indonesia has the opportunity to increase its domestic industry and even compete with other countries in the world. The opportunity to utilize electrical energy in this country is very large. Energy manifestations in each region have their own characteristics, including both renewable and non-renewable energy sources.
The definition of renewable energy in a simple way is an energy source produced from natural energy resources that can be quickly recovered, will not run out and the process can be sustainable if managed properly. geothermal). The concept of future energy which is more dominated by renewable understanding began to be known in the 1970s, as an effort to balance the development of conventional fossil fueled energy. Without a global commitment to use new and renewable energy (Sustainable Energy), the International Energy Agency estimates that the number of people in the world who lack electricity will only decrease from 1.4 billion today to 1.2 billion in 2030.
No country can progress quickly without the support of technology. Provision by motivating the entrepreneurial spirit from an early age can also be one strategy. So that in the future it can create new job opportunities. Equitable development can also be a step to build a business center in the region. This opportunity can be used to collaborate with foreign investors, especially in developing the potential of regional primary energy resources for Indonesia's electricity needs. The country has a fairly large New and Renewable Energy Potential (EBT) assets including, mini/micro hydro of 450 MW, 50 GW of Biomass, solar energy of 4.80 kWh/m2/day, wind energy of 3-6 m/s and nuclear energy 3 GW (Pusdatin ESDM, 2008).
Imagine? Our high demand for electricity has an impact on increasing the need for fuel subsidies. It should be noted that currently, for domestic supply of crude oil, we still need to import as much as 350 thousand barrels per day, which is certainly a problem in terms of budget. The projected development of new and renewable energy (Renewable Resources) in Indonesia has the potential to be evenly distributed for sources such as biofuels (biofuels), geothermal (geothermal), hydro and sunlight (solar energy). The source only needs to be adjusted to the situation and the ability to provide it. For example, in areas with many islands such as NTT (East Nusa Tenggara) the potential for projections of solar, hydro, and wind energy sources. Meanwhile in high land areas such as in several areas on the island of Java with many volcanic manifestations, there is potential for the development of geothermal energy power plants (geothermal).
If all power plant installations can grow in synergy with one another, it is certain that more than of the population of the Indonesian people, who previously did not have access to electricity, will be able to enjoy better access in the future. The problem of the electricity crisis is no longer an obstacle. Through holistic utilization of almost all natural resources utilization in the primary energy category to support the national energy security movement, at least this situation can overcome general problems in providing energy supply in village administration such as street lighting, considering that there are still many roads, especially in areas belonging to the in the category of remote areas that are minimal with adequate street lighting systems.
In line with the government's program until 2020 and 2030, energy demand has increased significantly, related to efforts to meet the needs of the energy sector and increase the country's foreign exchange. This can be seen from the projected demand for energy for oil, gas, and coal which increases by almost a multiple of 100% every 10 years, while the availability of fossil energy in question is feared to decrease, especially if it is not accompanied by technology that has an impact on energy commercialization. Another consideration with the issue of global warming, greenhouse gas emissions from the use of fossil energy requires technology that requires a relatively high price for efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in each of the related energies, the amount of which varies. Experts have repeatedly stressed that global greenhouse gas emissions are on the rise. Without radical change and prevention, future generations will live on a much warmer earth. Carbon dioxide from fossil fuel power plants is one of the main causes of climate change. According to the findings of a study, if humans continue to produce CO2 as they are today, the average temperature of the earth is predicted to rise by 6 degrees Celsius by the end of the century.
The impact of all activities utilizing natural resources will inevitably affect the existence of the environment. Simply put, the natural energy released into the environment in every energy transformation is always converted in the form of heat. It is a necessity, when there is not a single activity of utilizing natural resources that is truly “clean” in an effort to obtain the natural resources we need, in various ways it will certainly affect our environment. There is nothing truly energy efficient, be it conventional energy, nuclear energy, or renewable energy. But at least what is taken into consideration as co-dwellers in this “giant house” called the earth is the extent to which we are able to manage and maintain these natural assets for the benefit of living together.
The exploitation of conventional mineral and energy resources that have an impact on the environment has been widely witnessed. As an industry that generally uses a lot of energy and exploits living land, it is aware of the importance of protecting the environment and working with energy efficiency and reclamation efforts to reduce long-term environmental impacts. A strategy is needed to adjust and optimize natural resources (mining and energy sector), by using systems and procedures so as to reduce the need for natural resource exploitation activities and the impacts of this system. A strategy is needed to minimize the cost of utilizing mining potential and energy/waste without affecting production and quality, and a strategy is also needed to minimize environmental impacts.
The stretching of land use in the area (pre-post-post) of power plant installations in all energy sources is expected to also add its own tourism value in the tourism sector. Through the concept of power generation which is promoted by several different types, in different places, and depending on the potential of local wisdom on the availability of available primary energy, this accelerated activity can offer the concept of technotourism as a regional science and technology landmark accompanying the geotourism concept that has been running and launched previously. . You can imagine the number of solar cell panels arranged in such a neat manner as stretches of electric fields. Wind vanes installed in coastal areas can add to the value of regional marine tourism. Educational attractions from the vapor pressure of geysers around the volcanic mountain area are used as PLTP stations that are very friendly to the environment, and many others can be developed as educational tours for future generations.
Technotourism as a form of special interest travel that can be generated through an appreciation of earth objects by applying science and technology applications based on environmental management. This concept can be implemented effectively through a thorough understanding of the characteristics of the natural resources of each region in the archipelago (equatorial areas, volcanoes, agriculture, mining, marine, etc.). To further develop the potential that exists in each region, efforts are needed to identify the eco-geological characteristics of natural tourist attractions in the archipelago. It is hoped that this will be realized when all elements support each other and unite with each other. Indeed, it takes an effective natural resource management process towards harmony with the environment based on the goals that have been set and must describe in detail the necessary actions to achieve these goals. In order to define a mining and energy management program at the industrial level, it is necessary to carefully determine the types and amounts of natural resources used at each level of the manufacturing process.
Conceptually, there are three pillars of national energy security management, namely Intensification, Diversification, and Conservation. Intensification means that the state exploits as much as possible of the energy sources it has, such as extracting as much oil as possible, dredging as much coal as possible and so on. This step tends to be uncontrollable because of the temptation of huge profits in front of the eyes, especially when there are license holders playing with commissions and extortion and corruption. The indiscriminate intensification should have been suppressed by prioritizing diversification as an effort to homogenize the energy use mix (energy mix). However, so far, the intensification process has tended to go too far and accelerate the process of depleting natural resources in Indonesia.
Conservation tends to be subordinated to the two processes above, due to the lack of awareness of environmental conditions. This is evidenced in various forms of negative impacts received by the community and the surrounding environment due to the mining process that ignores normative aspects. Therefore, it is necessary to have a procedure for recording the use of natural resources in a systematic and sustainable manner. Data collection is then followed by analysis and definition of the natural resource conservation activities carried out. There is a need for a comprehensive natural resource audit: sustainable and sustainable. In order to maintain the availability of energy in the long term, it is again emphasized that the roles of various parties are needed. Global energy security is largely determined by the three main roles and functions, namely the state, market and society.
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