The Geological Museum was founded on May 16, 1929. The museum was renovated with a grant from JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency). After undergoing renovations, the Geological Museum was reopened and inaugurated by the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia, Megawati Soekarnoputri on August 23, 2000. As one of the historical monuments, the museum is under the protection of the government and is a national heritage. In this Museum, stored and managed many geological materials, such as fossils, rocks, and minerals. All these materials were collected during fieldwork in Indonesia since 1850.
During the Dutch colonial period, the existence of the Geological Museum was closely related to the history of geological and mining investigations in the archipelago which began in the mid-17th century by European experts. After Europe experienced the Industrial revolution in the mid-18th century, Europe was in dire need of mining materials as basic industrial materials. The Dutch government is aware of the importance of mastery of minerals in the archipelago. Thus, it is expected to support industrial development in the Netherlands. So, in 1850, Dienst van het Mijnwezen was formed. This institution changed its name to Dienst van den Mijnbouw in 1922, which was in charge of conducting geological and mineral resource investigations. The results of the investigation in the form of rock samples, minerals, fossils, reports and maps needed a place for analysis and storage, so in 1928 Dienst van den Mijnbouw built a building on Rembrandt Straat, Bandung. The building was originally called the Geologisch Laboratory which was later also called the Geologisch Museum. The Geologisch Laboratory building was designed in the Art Deco style by the architect Ir. Menalda van Schouwenburg, and it took 11 months to build with 300 workers and cost 400 Guilders. Its construction began in mid-1928 and was inaugurated on May 16, 1929. The inauguration coincided with the holding of the 4th Pacific Science Congress which was held in Bandung on 18-24 May 1929.
As a result of the defeat of the Dutch troops from Japanese troops in World War II, the existence of Dienst van den Mijnbouw ended. Lieutenant General. H. Ter Poorten (Commander of the Allied Army in the Dutch East Indies) on behalf of the Dutch Colonial Government handed over Indonesian territorial power to Lt. Gen. H. Imamura (Commander of the Japanese Army) in 1942. The handover was carried out in Kalijati, Subang. With the entry of Japanese troops into Indonesia, the Geologisch Laboratory Building changed its management and was given the name Kogyo Zimusho. A year later, it changed its name to Chishitsu Chosacho.
During the Japanese occupation, Japanese troops educated and trained Indonesian youths to become PETA (Defenders of the Homeland) and HEIHO (auxiliary forces of the Japanese army in World War II). Reports on the results of activities at that time were not widely found, because many documents (including reports on the results of investigations) were burned when Japanese troops suffered defeat everywhere in early 1945.
After Indonesia's independence in 1945, the management of the Geological Museum was under the Department of Mining and Geology (PDTG/1945-1950). On September 19, 1945, allied forces led by the United States and Britain accompanied by the Netherlands Indis Civil Administration (NICA) arrived in Indonesia. They landed in Tanjungpriuk, Jakarta. In Bandung, they are trying to regain control of the PDTG office which has been controlled by the Indonesian government. The pressure exerted by the Dutch troops forced the PDTG office to be moved to Jl. Braga No. 3 and No. 8, Bandung, on December 12, 1945. The move to the PDTG office was apparently also prompted by the death of a driver named Sakiman in the struggle to defend the PDTG office. At that time, the Indonesian Republican Army Division III Siliwangi established the Mining Section, whose energy was drawn from PDTG. After the office in Rembrandt Straat was abandoned by PDTG employees, the Dutch troops re-established an office called Geologische Dienst in the same place.
Everywhere there was fighting. Thus, from December 1945 to December 1949, that is, for 4 consecutive years, the PDTG office shifted from one place to another.
The Indonesian government is trying to save the documents from geological research. This caused the documents to be moved from Bandung, to Tasikmalaya, Solo, Magelang, Yogyakarta, and only then, in 1950, the documents could be returned to Bandung.
In an effort to save these documents, on May 7, 1949, the Head of the Central Bureau of Mines and Geology, Arie Frederic Lasut, was kidnapped and killed by the Dutch army. He has died as a kusuma of the nation in Pakem Village, Yogyakarta.
Upon his return to Bandung, the Geological Museum began to receive attention from the Indonesian government. This is proven in 1960, the Geology Museum was visited by the First President of the Republic of Indonesia, Ir. Sukarno.
The management of the Geological Museum which was originally under the Center for Mining and Geology Djawatan (PDTG), changed its name to:
- Department of Mining of the Republic of Indonesia (1950-1952),
- Department of Geology (1952–1956),
- Center for the Department of Geology (1956–1957),
- Department of Geology (1957–1963),
- Directorate of Geology (1963–1978),
- Geological Research and Development Center (1978—2005),
- Geological Survey Center (since the end of 2005 until now)[1]
Along with the times, in 1999 the Geological Museum received assistance from the Japanese Government worth 754.5 million Yen for renovation. After being closed for a year, the Geological Museum was reopened on August 20, 2000. The opening was inaugurated by the Vice President of the Republic of Indonesia at that time, Megawati Soekarnoputri, who was accompanied by the Minister of Mines and Energy Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono.
With this new arrangement, the Geology Museum demonstration is divided into 3 rooms which include Life History, Indonesian Geology, and Geology and Human Life. As for the collection of documentation, more adequate collection storage facilities are available. It is hoped that the management of sample collections at the Geological Museum will be more accessible to users, both researchers and industrial groups.
Since 2002 the Geological Museum, whose status is the Geological Museum Section, has been raised to the UPT of the Geological Museum. To carry out its duties and functions properly, 2 sections and 1 Subsection were formed, namely the Demonstration Section, Documentation Section, and Administration Subsection. In order to further optimize its role as an institution that socializes the science of geology, the Geological Museum also holds activities including counseling, exhibitions, seminars and research survey activities for the development of demonstrations and collection documentation.
The shift in the function of the museum, in tune with technological advances, has made the geology museum a place for out-of-school education related to the earth and its conservation efforts. A place where people conduct initial studies before field research. Where is the Geology Museum as an information center for earth science which describes the geological condition of the Indonesian earth in the form of a collection of visuals. Interesting geotourism object.
The Geological Museum is divided into several exhibition rooms which occupy the first and second floors. The following are the rooms on the second floor of the Geology Museum and the functions and contents of these rooms.
Floor I
It is divided into 3 main rooms: the orientation room in the middle, the west wing and the east wing. The Orientation Room contains a geographical map of Indonesia in the form of wide screen reliefs showing geological and museum activities in the form of animation, a museum information service booth and an education and research service booth. Meanwhile, the western wing room, known as the Indonesian geological space, consists of several chambers that provide information about the hypothesis of the occurrence of the earth in the solar system. The regional tectonic order that forms Indonesia's geology is manifested in the form of a model model of the movement of the active earth's crust plates. The geological conditions of Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, Nusa Tenggara, and Irian Jaya as well as fossils and human history according to Darwinian evolution are also found here.
In addition to mockups and information panels, each room in this room also exhibits various types of rock (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) and mineral resources that exist in each area. A world of rocks and minerals occupies a booth to the west, which exhibits a wide variety of rock types, minerals and crystallographic arrangements in original panels and displays. Still in the same room, Indonesian geological research activities were exhibited including types of field equipment/equipment, mapping facilities, and research as well as the final results of activities such as maps (geolology, geophysics, volcanoes, geomorphology, seismotectonics, and everything) and publications- publication as a means of socializing Indonesian geological data and information. The end of the west wing is a volcanic area, which shows the state of several active volcanoes in Indonesia, such as: Tangkuban Perahu, Krakatau, Galunggung, Merapi and Batu. In addition to the information panels, this room is equipped with a mockup of the Bromo-Kelud-Semeru Volcano complex. Some examples of rocks resulting from volcanic activity are arranged in glass cabinets.
East Wing Room
The room that describes the history of the growth and development of living things, from primitive to modern, that inhabit planet earth is known as the life history space. The picture panels that adorn the walls of the room begin with information about the state of the earth that formed about 4.5 billion years ago, where even the most primitive living things have not been found. Several billion years later, when the earth had calmed down, the environment supported the development of several types of single-celled plants, the existence of which is recorded in the form of fossils of large vertebrate reptiles that lived during the Middle to Late Mesozoic Period (210-65 million years ago). exhibited in the form of a fossil replica of a Tyrannosaurus Rex Osborn (a type of wild flesh-eating lizard) which reaches 19 m in length, 6.5 m in height, and weighs 8 tons. Early life on earth which began about 3 billion years ago then developed and evolved until now. The evolutionary traces of mammals that lived in the Tertiary (6.5-1.7 million years ago) and Quaternary (1.7 million years ago to the present) in Indonesia are well recorded through the fossils of mammals (elephant, rhino, buffalo, horse). nil) and hominids found in soil layers in several places, especially on the island of Java.
Collections of ancient human skull fossils found in Indonesia (Homo erectus P. VIII) and in several other places in the world were collected in replica form. Likewise with the artifacts used, which characterize the development of ancient cultures from time to time. The stratigraphic cross-section of the Quaternary sediments of the Sangiran (Solo, Central Java), Trinil, and Mojokerto (East Java) areas, which are very important in revealing the history and evolution of early humans, is demonstrated in the form of panels and mockups.
The history of the formation of the legendary Lake Bandung is displayed in the form of a panel at the end of the room. Fossils of snakes and fish found in the soil layer of the former Bandung Lake as well as artifacts are displayed in their original form. Artifacts collected from several places on the outskirts of Lake Bandung indicate that about 6000 years ago the lake was inhabited by prehistoric humans. Complete information on fossils and remnants of past life is housed in a separate chamber in the Life History Room. The information conveyed includes the process of fossil formation, including coal and oil, in addition to the state of the ancient environment.
2nd Floor
Divided into 3 main rooms: west room, middle room, and east room.
West room (used by museum staff). Meanwhile, the central and eastern rooms on the second floor are used for demonstrations, known as geological spaces for human life.
Living room
Contains the world's largest gold mining mockup, which is located in the Tengan Mountains of Irian Jaya. The Gransberg open pit which has reserves of about 1.186 billion tonnes; with 1.02% copper content, 1.19 gram/ton gold and 3 gram/ton silver. The combination of several open pit mines and active underground mines in the vicinity provides ore reserves of 2.5 billion tonnes.
The former Ertsberg Mine (Ore Mountain) in the southeast of Grasberg which was closed in 1988 is a geological and mining site that can be exploited and developed into an attractive geotourism object. Some examples of rocks from Irian Jaya (Papua) are arranged and displayed in a glass cabinet around the mock-up. Miniature oil and gas drilling towers are also displayed here.
The East Room is divided into 7 small rooms, all of which provide information about the positive and negative aspects of the geological setting for human life, especially in Indonesia.
- Room 1 presents information about the benefits and uses of minerals or stones for humans, as well as a panel of pictures of the distribution of mineral resources in Indonesia.
- Room 2 displays records of exploration and exploitation of mineral resources
- Room 3 contains information about the use of minerals in daily life, both traditional and modern.
- Room 4 shows how to process and manage mineral and energy commodities
- Room 5 presents information on various types of geological hazards (negative aspects) such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, and so on.
- Room 6 provides information on the positive aspects of geology, especially those related to volcanic phenomena.
- Room 7 explains about water resources and their use, as well as the influence of the environment on the sustainability of these resources.
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